Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that primarily affects the colon and rectum. It is characterised by inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine.

Here's an overview of key information regarding ulcerative colitis:


Causes and Risk Factors:

The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be a result of an abnormal immune response.

Genetic factors may play a role, as the condition is more common in people with a family history of the disease.

Environmental factors, such as diet and stress, may also contribute.


Symptoms:

Diarrhoea, often with blood or pus.

Abdominal pain and cramping.

Rectal pain and bleeding.

Urgency to defecate.

Weight loss and fatigue.

In severe cases, fever and anaemia.


Diagnosis:

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of lab tests, colonoscopy, and imaging tests.

Stool samples may be tested for infections or inflammation markers.

Blood tests can check for anaemia or signs of infection.


Treatment:

Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and prevent flare-ups.

Medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, and antibiotics.

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged parts of the colon.

Lifestyle changes, including diet modifications and stress management, are often recommended.


Complications:

Increased risk of colon cancer.

Severe bleeding.

A hole in the colon (perforation).

Severe dehydration.

Bone loss (osteoporosis).

Inflammation in other areas of the body (joints, skin, eyes).


Living with Ulcerative Colitis:

Regular medical care is crucial to manage the condition effectively.

Support groups and counselling can help cope with the emotional aspects of chronic illness. https://crohnsandcolitis.org.au/

It's important to communicate openly with healthcare providers about symptoms and treatment side effects.


Prevention and Screening:

There is no known prevention for ulcerative colitis.

Regular screening for colon cancer is recommended for individuals with a long history of the disease.

Remember, this information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. If you suspect you have ulcerative colitis, or if you are managing the condition, consult with a healthcare provider for personalised advice and treatment.